Descriptive Psychopathology

1. The borderline syndrome is characterized by:
A. Splitting	T
B. Good impulse control	F
C. Euphoric affect	F
D. Primitive idealization	T
E. Feelings of emptiness	T

2. Somatic symptoms of severe anxiety include:
A. Impotence	T
B. Diarrhoea	T
C. Constipation	T
D. Hypoventilation	F
E. Sighing	T

3. Symptoms of combat neurosis include:
A. Anger	T
B. Grandiose ideas	F
C. Good interpersonal relationships	F
D. Lack of guilt	F
E. Flashbacks	T

4. Autochthonous delusions are:
A. Synonymous with primary delusions	T
B. Rarely preceded by a delusional atmosphere	F
C. A source of secondary delusions	T
D. Pathognomonic of schizophrenia	F
E. 'Brain waves'	T

5. The foetal alcohol syndrome:
A. Occurs with as few as four drinks per day	T
B. Causes hydronephrosis	T
C. Causes severe mental retardation	F
D. Causes cleft lip and palate	T
E. Is associated with liver abnormalities	F

6. Normal experiences include:
A. Jamais vu	T
B. Delusional perception	F
C. Derealization	T
D. Visual hallucinations	F
E. Deja-vecu	T

7. In Briquet's syndrome:
A. There is usually an organic basis	F
B. Recurrence is unusual	F
C. Somatic complaints are usually multiple	T
D. The prognosis is excellent	F
E. Surgery is treatment of choice	F

8. Dissociative states:
A. Occur in hysteria	T
B. May be seen under hypnosis	T
C. Include fugue states	T
D. Exclude multiple personalities	F
E. Are seen in petit-mal seizures	F

9. Near-death experiences are:
A. Associated with the name Moody	T
B. Seen in life-threatening experiences	T
C. A basis for reincarnation	F
D. Features of altered states of consciousness	T
E. Occurrences in life or death	F

10. Briquet's syndrome:
A. Is allied to hysteria	T
B. Occurs in men	F
C. Is synonymous with somatization disorder	T
D. Has a prevalence of 1-2 % in women	T
E. Has sexual symptoms infrequently	F

11. Formal thought disorder includes:
A. Drivelling	T
B. Condensation	T
C. Flight of ideas	T
D. Perseveration	T
E. Transitory thinking	T

12. Concrete thinking:
A. Is diagnostic of schizophrenia	F
B. Is diagnostic of organic brain disease	F
C. May occur in manic-depressive psychosis	F
D. Is a defect of conceptual abstract thought	T
E. Is tested by interpretation of proverbs	T

13. Formication:
A. Is the medical term for fornication	F
B. May be seen in delirium	T
C. Is a passivity phenomenon	F
D. Is a tactile hallucination	T
E. May be called the 'cocaine bug'	T

14. In organic disturbance of mental state:
A. Verbal IQ falls off before performance	F
B. Concrete thinking is unusual	F
C. Derealization occurs	F
D. There is altered level of consciousness	T
E. Visual hallucinations occur	T

15. Pseudohallucinations occur in:
A. Borderline personality disorder	T
B. Hypnogogic states	T
C. Hypnopompic states	T
D. Bereavement	T
E. Fatigue	T

16. Normal experiences include:
A. Hypnagogic hallucinations	T
B. Hypnopompic hallucinations	T
C. Depersonalization	T
D. Flight of ideas	F
E. Over-inclusive thinking	F

17. Psychotic depression may be characterized by:
A. Delusions of illness	T
B. Jamais vu	F
C. Visual hallucinations	F
D. Nihilistic delusions	T
E. Circumstantiality	F

18. Delirium tremens is characterized by:
A. Clouding of consciousness	T
B. Visual hallucinations	T
C. Lilliputian hallucinations	T
D. Olfactory illusions	F
E. Auditory illusions	T

19. Jaspers described the following disorders of emotion:
A. Apathy	T
B. 'Free-floating' emotions	T
C. Loss of feelings	T
D. Changes in bodily feelings	T
E. Changes in feelings of competence	T

20. Delusional perception:
A. Has two stages	T
B. Is an autochthonous delusion	T
C. Is often preceded by 'delusional mood'	T
D. Occurs secondary to a hallucination	F
E. Is a secondary delusion	F

21. Pseuodohallucinations:
A. Are subject to conscious manipulation	F
B. Are dependent on environmental stimuli	F
C. May occur in the real world	F
D. May possess the vivid quality of normal perceptions	F
E. Arise in inner space	T

22. Depressive psychosis may be characterized by:
A. Delusions of filth	T
B. Delusions of poverty	T
C. Delusions of guilt	T
D. Primary delusions	F
E. Auditory hallucinations	T

23. In the postpartum period:
A. The treatment of psychosis is different from psychotic illness at other times	F
B. Psychosis begins within 3 months in 80 % of cases	T
C. The risk of recurrence in future pregnancies is 1 in 5	T
D. Cerebral thrombo-embolic lesions may present as psychosis	T
E. Transient weepiness is common in the first week	T

24. The dysmnesic syndrome occurs in:
A. Neurosis	F
B. Uncomplicated psychosis	F
C. Korsakoff's psychosis	T
D. Mamillary body lesions	T
E. Thalamic lesions	T

25. Pseudodementia may be characterized by:
A. Onset with depressive features	T
B. Abnormal EEG	F
C. Presence of localizing neurological signs	F
D. Past or family history of manic-depressive psychosis	T
E. Chronic course	F

26. Echolalia occurs in:
A. Catatonic schizophrenia	T
B. Obsessional neurosis	F
C. Mental handicap	T
D. Manic-depressive psychosis	F
E. Senile dementia	T

27. Bromism may present with:
A. Hypomania	T
B. Auditory and visual hallucinations	T
C. Delusions	T
D. Depression	T
E. Bad breath	T

28. Encopresis in childhood:
A. By definition occurs after age 5	F
B. Has equal sex distribution	F
C. Is more prevalent than enuresis after age 16	F
D. Is always due to constipation	F
E. May occur in conduct disorder	T

29. Features of catatonic schizophrenia include:
A. Forced grasping	F
B. Mitgehen	T
C. Athetosis	F
D. Palilalia	T
E. Logoclonia	T

30. Eye to eye conduct:
A. Is usually increased in depression	F
B. Is never a sign of aggression	F
C. Is an essential part of psychotherapy	F
D. Is not influenced by cultural factors	F
E. Is assessed in the mental state examination	T

31. The Capgras delusion:
A. Is allied to hysteria	F
B. Usually is associated with organic brain disease	F
C. Is also called 'pure erotomania'	F
D. Is characterized by a pregnant husband	F
E. Is also called 'delusion of doubles'	T

32. First rank symptoms of schizophrenia:
A. Are always pathognomonic of schizophrenia	F
B. Include 2^nd or 3^rd party hallucinations	F
C. Incorporate all passivity phenomena	T
D. Exclude formal thought disorder	T
E. Include incongruity of affect	F

33. In the double-blind situation:
A. Two conflicting messages are given simultaneously	T
B. Experimental evidence is provided for schizophrenia	F
C. A double-bind situation also occurs	F
D. Comments on the situation itself are permitted	F
E. Both messages are always verbal	F

34. Features of hypomania may include:
A. Hypersomnia	F
B. Grandiose delusions	T
C. Wise business investments	F
D. Decreased libido	F
E. Poverty of thought	F

35. Folie du doute may be characterized by:
A. Vacillation	T
B. Delusions	F
C. Indecisiveness	T
D. Hallucinations	F
E. Persistent doubting	T

36. Formication:
A. Refers to actual insects crawling on the skin	F
B. Occurs in 'delusions of infestation'	F
C. Is seen when cocaine is withdrawn only	F
D. Is a second rank symptom of schizophrenia	F
E. Is a disorder of thought content	F

37. Simple schizophrenia may be characterized by:
A. Hallucinations	F
B. Late onset	F
C. Gradual deterioration	T
D. Social isolation	T
E. Delusions	F

38. Hallucinations may occur in:
A. Acute confusional states	T
B. Hysteria	F
C. Drug withdrawal	T
D. Petit-mal epilepsy	F
E. Anxiety states	F

39. Stupor may occur in:
A. Mania	T
B. Depression	T
C. Hysteria	F
D. Petit-mal epilepsy	T
E. Gjessing's periodic catatonia	T

40. The dysmnesic syndrome features:
A. Paranoid delusions	F
B. Delusional perception	F
C. Ataxia	T
D. Peripheral neuropathy	T
E. Long-term memory impairment	F

41. Hollingshead and Redlich:
A. Published 'Social Class and Mental Health'	T
B. Based their studies in New York	F
C. Showed that upper class patients tended to use hospitals	F
D. Showed that lower class patients tended to use outpatient clinics	F
E. Are psychoanalysts	F

42. Mirror gazing occurs in:
A. Anorexia nervosa	T
B. Manic-depressive psychosis	F
C. Hebephrenia	T
D. Obsessional neuroses	F
E. Senile dementia	T

43. Pathological excitement occurs in:
A. Retarded depression	F
B. Manic depressive psychosis	T
C. Catatonic schizophrenia	T
D. Delirium	T
E. Normal subjects	F

44. Obsessional thoughts:
A. Always give rise to compulsions	F
B. Are ego-alien	T
C. Rarely are of a sexual nature	F
D. Are best treated by thought stopping	F
E. Usually respond to imipramine	F

45. Electrical stimulation of the following causes anxiety:
A. Vagus	F
B. Hypothalamus	F
C. Dorsal raphe nucleus	F
D. Locus coeruleus	T
E. Median raphe nucleus	F

46. Obsessive rituals:
A. Respond well to behaviour therapy	F
B. Are usually anti-social	F
C. Are not resisted	F
D. Are sensibly regarded	F
E. Reduce anxiety	T

47. In psychogenic polydipsia:
A. Polydipsia begins before polyuria	T
B. Vasopressin may relieve thirst	F
C. Urine flow decreases after hypertonic saline infusion	T
D. Urine concentration is greater after vasopressin than after fluid deprivation	F
E. Plasma osmolality is lower than normal	T

48. Phobias have the following features:
A. Viewed as negative compulsions	T
B. Can be reasoned away	F
C. Fear proportional to the threat	F
D. Described by Marks in 1929	F
E. Involuntary	T

49. The Ganser syndrome occurs in:
A. Schizophrenia	F
B. Manic-depressive psychosis	F
C. Prisoners awaiting trial	T
D. Personality disorders	F
E. Hysteria	F

50. Passivity experiences include:
A. Made experiences	T
B. Occur in manic-depressive psychosis	F
C. Include echo de la pensee	F
D. Are recognized in obsessional neurosis	F
E. Exclude thought broadcasting	F

51. Characteristic features of anorexia nervosa include:
A. Normal BMR	F
B. Hypothermia	T
C. Lanugo hair	T
D. Hypertension	F
E. Phobia of normal body weight	T

52. Agoraphobia is:
A. Better treated by flooding than systematic desensitization	T
B. Mainly seen in middle age	T
C. A fear specific to open spaces	F
D. Commoner in women	T
E. Commonly associated with depersonalization	T

53. The experience of depersonalization is:
A. Usually pleasant	F
B. Delusional	F
C. Recognized as 'odd'	T
D. Treatable with phenobarbitone	F
E. Recognized as 'false'	T

54. Animal phobias are:
A. Commoner in men	F
B. Usually occur in middle age	F
C. Generally non-specific	F
D. Treatable with behaviour therapy	T
E. A poor diagnostic group	F

55. Anaclitic depression is characterized by:
A. Infants deprived of mother in early life	T
B. Initial vigorous protest	T
C. Severe despair	T
D. A phase of detachment	T
E. A predisposition to manic-depressive psychosis	F

56. Social phobia:
A. Is usually specific to a few individuals	F
B. Has an equal sex distribution	F
C. Is as common as agoraphobia	F
D. Usually develops before puberty	F
E. Responds poorly to behaviour therapy	F

57. The following statements are true:
A. Autoscopy is synonymous with phantom mirror-image	T
B. Reflex hallucinations occur outside sensory field limits	F
C. Functional hallucinations are experienced with their stimulus	T
D. In extra-campine hallucinations, a stimulus in one sensory field produces a hallucination in another	F
E. Functional hallucinations are rare in chronic schizophrenia	F

58. Features of shell-shock include:
A. Depersonalization	T
B. Guilty ideation of delusional intensity	F
C. Derealization	T
D. Reliving the battle	T
E. Calmness	F

59. The following statements are true:
A. Koro is an acute anxiety state	T
B. Latah is an hysterical reaction to stress	T
C. Windigo is a depressive psychosis	T
D. Susto is an hysterical dissociation or depressive state	F
E. Amok is an acute anxiety state	F

60. Auditory pseudohallucinations occur in:
A. Schizophrenia	F
B. Hysteria	T
C. Manic-depressive states	F
D. Drug-induced states	T
E. Phobic anxiety state	F

61. The following statements are true in schizophrenia:
A. Schism describes hostility between parents	T
B. Skew describes a dominant mother and a submissive father	T
C. Invalidation describes denial of feelings of family members	T
D. Praecox feeling refers to empathic rapport with the patient	T
E. Pseudomutuality is a method by which a family system maintains equilibrium	T

62. Evidence for formal thought disorder includes:
A. Inflexibility of personal constructs	F
B. Knight's move thinking	T
C. Loosening of personal constructs	T
D. Nominal aphasia	F
E. A normal repetory grid	F

63. The revolving-door syndrome:
A. May be due to cerebellar-vestibular dysfunction	F
B. Is part of the revolving-room syndrome	F
C. Refers to the cyclical re-admission of institutionalized patients	T
D. Generates impressive 'statistics' for 'patient care'	T
E. Rotates patients between system components with adequate care	F

64. Schizophrenic thought disorder includes:
A. 'Woolly' thinking	T
B. Blurring of conceptual boundaries	T
C. Paranoid delusions	F
D. Omission	T
E. Substitutions	T

65. Delusions:
A. Are held with a certainty that may be shakeable	F
B. Are reality for the patient	T
C. Are frequently held by other people	F
D. Are rarely of personal significance	T
E. Are usually of a bizarre nature	F

66. The following statements are true:
A. Mannerisms are non-goal directed repetitive movements	F
B. Stereotypes are goal directed repetitive movements	F
C. Opposition is an extreme form of negativism	F
D. Athetosis consists of random, jerky movements	F
E. Chorea consists of slow, writhing movements	F

67. In Huntington's chorea:
A. Athetoid movements are usual presenting signs	F
B. Gross personality change is very unusual	F
C. Children have a less rapid deterioration	F
D. The onset of symptoms is usually in childhood	F
E. 75 % of affected person's children develop the disease	F

68. Illusions include:
A. Macropsia	T
B. Derealization	T
C. Misinterpretations	F
D. Depersonalization	T
E. Micropsia	T

69. Features of the Gilles de la Tourette syndrome include:
A. Echolalia	T
B. Coprolalia	T
C. Coprophagia	F
D. Flatus	F
E. Echopraxia	T

70. Eidetic images:
A. Have been described by Taylor	T
B. Are visual hallucinations	F
C. Have never been perceived in relation to a real object	F
D. May be thought of as 'photographic memory'	T
E. Are a form of exterocepted visual pseudohallucinations	T

71. With regard to psychiatric illness in general practice:
A. Hysteria is very common	F
B. Anxiety is relatively uncommon	F
C. Psychotic illness is not usually referred	F
D. 50 % of neurotic illness is usually referred	F
E. Personality disorder is more common than depression	F

72. Pseudohallucinations occur in:
A. Dreams during sleep	F
B. Lone prisoners	T
C. Dreams whilst awake	T
D. Long distance lorry drivers	T
E. Sensory deprivation	T

73. Treatment of postpartum 'blues' includes:
A. Antidepressant medication	F
B. Reassurance only	F
C. Hypnotic medication	F
D. Performing a dexamethasone suppression test	F
E. Involvement of the husband in helping his wife	T

74. Verbigeration occurs in:
A. Extreme anxiety	T
B. Ganser syndrome	F
C. Senile dementia	T
D. Malingering	F
E. Catatonic schizophrenia	T

75. The following associations are correct:
A. Cameron and concrete thinking	F
B. Schneider and condensation	F
C. Bleuler and drivelling	F
D. Goldstein and over-inclusive thinking	F
E. Bleuler and loosening of associations	T

76. The following statements are true:
A. Delusions are ego involved	T
B. Redundancy refers to the predictability of a word appearing	T
C. Delusions are idiosyncratic	T
D. Schizophrenic thought has a high level of redundancy	F
E. Paranoia is another name for paraphrenia	F

77. The characteristic hallucinations in alcoholic hallucinosis are:
A. Visual	T
B. Tactile	F
C. Olfactory	F
D. Auditory	T
E. Gustatory	F

78. Common associations with anorexia nervosa include:
A. Delayed gastric emptying	T
B. Lassitude	F
C. Primary amenorrhoea	F
D. Early morning waking	T
E. Bulimia	T

79. Phantom limb experiences:
A. Only occur following limb amputation	F
B. Include tactile hallucinations	T
C. The phantom limb always corresponds in size to the previous limb	F
D. Occurs in 70-100 % of all amputations after the age of 6 years	T
E. 'Telescoping' occurs in one third of cases	T

80. The following are true of culture-bound disorders:
A. Latah features penile-retraction into the abdomen	F
B. Piklokto is a dissociative state in Eskimo women	T
C. Windigo involves mutation into a cannibalistic monster	T
D. Koro features automatic obedience, echolalia, and echopraxia	F
E. Susto involves loss of the soul	T
The following questions don't have answers, but any psychiatric text should provide them.
81. Features of normal pressure hydrocephalus include:
A. Headache	N
B. Memory impairment	Y
C. Papilloedema	N
D. Physical and mental retardation	Y
E. A frequently abnormal EEG

82. Features of Pick's disease may include:
A. Fatuous mood	Y
B. Apathy	Y
C. General euphoria	N
D. A frequently abnormal EEG	N
E. Preservation of intellect	N

83. Features of Alzheimer' s disease might include:
A. Anxious mood	Y
B. Depression	Y
C. Specific abnormalities on EEG	Y
D. A deficiency of GABA	Y
E. A deficiency of serotonin	Y

84. Neologisms occur in:
A. Manic-depressive psychosis	Y
B. Obsessional neurosis	N
C. Organic brain disease
D. Gilles de la Tourette syndrome
E. Schizophrenia	Y

85. Complications of chronic alcoholism may include:
A. Paraesthesia and pain in the extremities	Y
B. An abnormal pyruvate tolerance test
C. Weakness of the limbs
D. Osteoporosis	N
E. A decrease in erythrocyte transketolase activity